The Role of the Internet and Social Media in the Spread of ISIS in Indonesia Peran Internet dan Media Sosial dalam Penyebaran ISIS di Indonesia

Citation: Permana IM and Adam F (2020) The Role of the Internet and Social Media in the Spread of ISIS in Indonesia. Halaqa: Islamic Education Journal. 5:1. doi: 10.21070/halaqa.v5vi1i.1130 The Role of the Internet and Social Media in the Spread of ISIS in Indonesia Peran Internet dan Media Sosial dalam Penyebaran ISIS di Indonesia Indra Martian Permana *, Fadzli Adam 2 Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Perguruan Tinggi Dakwah Islam Indonesia (PTDII) Jakarta, Indonesia, University Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Malaysia


INTRODUCTION
The development of information technology in the modern era presents products that make it easy for people to access and use it. Among the information technology products that currently play an important role in society are internet and social media technology. Today's internet and social media make it easy for humans to maximize their performance in all areas of life including business and economics with the birth of digital business, the field of teaching with the birth of e-learning and other fields. Arromadloni (2017); al Azhary (2016) Among those who maximize the development of information technology both the internet and social media are ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) terrorist movements that were born from the jihadist movement in Sham. ISIS managed to make full use of the development of the internet and social media by spreading propaganda related to the success of ISIS in Sham applying Islamic sharia, leading Muslims with the existence of khilafah, using dinars and dirhams and so forth which were then spread to Muslims throughout the world so as to attract the sympathy of the people Islam throughout the world to join ISIS. And then we know all the propaganda is a lie. Steindal (2015); Adam (2016)

METHOD
This study implemented a qualitative method, namely research that aims to understand some of the strategies used by the ISIS group to clearly introduce the group to its open recruitment on social media as well as to analyze, describe, record and interpret the real situation that is happening Sugiyono (2019). Qualitative research is a research method based on the philosophy of postpositivism, used to examine the condition of natural objects where the researcher is the key instrument, the sampling of data sources is done purposively, the collection technique is by triangulation, the data analysis is inductive / qualitative, and the research results. qualitative emphasizes meaning more than generalization. Qualitative research rests on a natural background holistically, positions humans as a research tool, performs inductive data analysis, is more concerned with the process than the results and the results of the research carried out are agreed upon by the researcher and the research subject.

ISIS in Indonesia
Since the ISIS was declared in 2014 in Syria then ISIS spread its propaganda and understanding throughout the world including Indonesia. Indonesia is the target of spreading, recruiting and raising funds for ISIS terrorism activities in Syria in the name of Islamic jihad. There are no ISIS organizations in Indonesia but sympathizers and supporters who have a value and understanding with ISIS are many, such as the Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid (JAT), Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid (JAD) and the Jamaah Ansharu Khilafah (JAKI) [Interview with Irfan Idris, Deputy for Prevention of the National Counter Terrorism Agency (BNPT)]. There are those in the form of sympathizers, supporters, taking part in allegiance, and there are those who are truly involved in fighting with ISIS in Iraq and Syria. Kiram (2014) ISIS in Indonesia was initially unpopular and received no sympathy because there was no central figure to bring ISIS in Indonesia, when Abu Bakar Ba'asyir who was serving his sentence at Nusakambangan prison for being involved in military training in Jantho, Aceh. Then it was influenced and provoked by Aman Abdurahman and Abu Yusuf who brought false news regarding ISIS which said ISIS was a jihadist movement that had implemented Islamic Shari'a, enforced hudud, used dinars and dirhams, and established a Khilafah which then brought Abu Bakar Ba'asyir to pledge allegiance with Al Baghdis in ISIS leader [Interview with Ahmad Fatih, Spokesperson for Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid (JAT) who later left and joined the Ansharu Sharia Community for rejecting ISIS] Martian (2020). So after that the jihad movement and sympathizers of Abu Bakar Ba'asyir supported ISIS and pledged allegiance to ISIS in addition to ISIS propaganda in such a massive media.

The Role of the Internet and Social Media in the Spread of ISIS in Indonesia
The internet and social media have become the most effective tools in the modern and digital era in the spread of ISIS in Indonesia. The internet emerged as an important technological tool for Islamic radical groups in the process of spreading the news today. The use of the internet is used by ISIS to recruit new members, spread propaganda and as a way to communicate with different organizational cells Rahman and Adam (2017). In addition, the use of the internet and social media is also used to recruit sympathizers and new members and raise funds for the ISIS movement both in Syria and in Indonesian ISIS media. The use of the internet and media by ISIS in Indonesia includes media and propaganda that will influence public opinion, recruitment of ISIS members who will depart for Syria and fundraising for ISIS sympathizer. Hassan (2016)

Fundraising
The next internet and social media is used by ISIS to collect and raise funds including providing assistance to ISIS families. BNPT released several organizations indicated to provide financial assistance to ISIS including: Infaq Dakwah Center, Aksi Cepat Tanggap, Hilal Ahmar Indonesia, Syam Organizer, Mer-c, Azzam Dakwah Center, Save the Children[1] . Although the parameters of the ISIS funding organization have not been clear from BNPT.

CONCLUSION
The development of information technology especially the internet and social media not only has a positive impact but also has a negative impact. Among the negative effects of the internet and social media is the widespread spread of ISIS terrorist thoughts and movements through the media. Indonesia is part of the impact of the spread of ISIS through the internet and social media. Restrictions and supervision of the internet and social media are the best solutions to counteract the movements and media propaganda carried out by ISIS.