Melacak State Of The Art Fenomenologi Dalam Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial

Abstract

Phenomenology was originally a philosophical movement Edmund Husserl (1859-1838), influential to the sociologist Alfred Schutz (years 1899-1959), then developed by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckman, Sarte, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida. Phenomenology is a part of science that has a relationship with philosophy, such as ontology, epistomology, logic and ethics. Phenomenology is not idealism, formalism, realism, positivism, but existentialism closer. Phenomenology examines human existence. Phenomenology tries to reveal subjective meanings. Researchers try to remember, understand seriously, and want to go to something beautiful and good, that's intentionality. As a science and method, phenomenology seeks meaning, positions the individual as the giver of meaning, which then results in action based on experience. Edmund Husserl and Alfred Schutz put individuals as creators, philosophical, while Peter L Berger and Thomas Luckman in "social construction" tended to find a balance between structure (society) and individuals. The phenomenological development of the social world was carried out by Alfred Schutz. The fundamental meaning of forming social is done by Sartre. Foucault looks for the origin of the meaning of social institutions in the form of prisons as a center of solitude. Whereas Jacques Derrida is more focused on examining the phenomenology of language, refining the social meaning of "deconstruction". Since then, classical phenomenology has focused on epistemology, logic, ontology and ethics. Then contemporary phenomenology seeks to dismantle various aspects behind social life, including education.