Quo Vadis The Integrating Islam and Science, A Comparative Study of the Thoughts of Al Faruqi, Al Attas, and Amin Abdullah
Quo Vadis Integrasi Islam dan Sains, Telaah Komparatif Pemikiran Al Faruqi, Al Attas, dan Amin Abdullah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21070/halaqa.v9i2.1775Abstract
General Background: The dichotomy between religious and modern sciences, rooted in colonial legacies, has long shaped fragmented educational paradigms within the Muslim world. Specific Background: This separation has produced graduates with compartmentalized competencies, limiting the holistic development of knowledge within Islamic education. Knowledge Gap: While various scholars have proposed frameworks to integrate Islam and science, comparative analyses of their epistemological foundations remain limited. Aims: This study aims to analyze and compare the concepts of Islamic-scientific integration proposed by Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, and M. Amin Abdullah. Results: Through a library research method and content analysis, the study reveals that al-Faruqi emphasizes the Islamization of knowledge based on tawhid, al-Attas promotes the purification of knowledge through adab, and M. Amin Abdullah advances an integration-interconnection model addressing contemporary challenges. Novelty: This study provides a comparative synthesis that clarifies the theoretical trajectories and philosophical underpinnings of each approach. Implications: The findings contribute to developing a more holistic and integrative framework for Islamic higher education, fostering the unification of faith and reason toward comprehensive human development within the Islamic worldview.
Highlights:
-
Highlights comparative insights from Al-Faruqi, Al-Attas, and M. Amin Abdullah.
-
Emphasizes holistic integration of Islamic and modern sciences.
-
Offers a transformative framework for Islamic higher education.
Keywords: Islamization of Knowledge, Integration of Science and Religion, Interconnected Paradigm
Downloads
References
Abdullah, M. A. (2012). Islamic Studies di Perguruan Tinggi: Pendekatan Integratif-Interkonektif. Pustaka Pelajar.
Abdullah, M. A. (2015). Religion, Science, and Culture: An Integrated, Interconnected Paradigm of Science. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 52(1), 175. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2014.521.175-203
Adib Fattah Suntoro, Saniyya Khoirun Amala, & Muhyiddin, L. (2024). Implementasi Gagasan Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan Kontemporer SMN al-Attas terhadap Teori Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies, 2(2), 151–175. https://doi.org/10.21111/jios.v2i2.47
Afkarina, M., Wahyu Irawan, Abdul Haris, Abd. Malik Karim Amrullah, & Dhevin MQ Agus Puspita W. (2024). Konflik, Dialog, dan Integrasi: Sebuah Eksplorasi Filosofis tentang Hubungan Sains dan Agama. Santhet (Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan Dan Humaniora), 8(2), 2533–2540. https://doi.org/10.36526/santhet.v8i2.4713
Al-Alwani, T. J. (1995). The Islamization of knowledge yesterday and today. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). https://openlibrary.org/works/OL20944431W/The_Islamization_of_knowledge?edition=key%3A/books/OL28377288M
Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1978). Islam and Secularism. International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC). https://openlibrary.org/books/OL9198891M/Islam_and_Secularism
Al-Faruqi, I. R., & AbuSulayman, A. A. (1981). ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: General Principles and Work Plan. In Intematioal Institute oflslamic Thought. (Issue l). https://www.muslim-library.com/dl/books/English_Islamization_of_Knowledge_General_Principles_and_Work_Plan.pdf
Al Attas, N. M. (1995). Islam The Concept of Religion and The Foundation of Ethics and Morality. In Prolegomena to The Metaphysics of Islam: an Exposition of the Fundamental Elements of the Worldview of Islam. Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC).
Amir-Moazami, S. (2022). Liberal-secular power and the traps of muslim integration in Western Europe. British Journal of Sociology, 73(3), 607–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12942
Amir, A. N., & Rahman, T. A. (2023). Education in the Al-Faruqi’s Perspective and Its Implementation in the Context of the Islamization of Knowledge. Southeast Asian Journal of Islamic Education, 5(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.21093/sajie.v5i1.5475
Amiraux & Beauchesne. (2020). Racialization and the construction of the problem of the Muslim presence in Western societies. In Routledge Handbook of Political Islam (p. 20). Taylor & Francis Group.
Arroisi, J., Zarkasyi, H. F., & Roini, W. (2023). The relevance of contemporary epistemology on existing knowledge: A critical analysis of western scientific worldview according to al-attas perspective. Afkar, 25(2), 225–256. https://doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol25no2.7
Aryanto & Husaini. (2024). Paradigma Integrasi Interkoneksi Keilmuan : Biografi Intelektual M. Amin Abdullah. At- Taklim: Jurnal Pendidikan Multidisiplin, 1(2), 60–72.
Asmuni. (2023). Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam (Mutiara Tokoh Pendidikan Islam Untuk Indonesia). Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=e6TtEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Syekh+Abdullah+Bin+Muhsin+Bin+Muhammad+Al+Attas&ots=M9urxcm9VT&sig=ePZmg5n0QSI6V99Oiror7xEu7kc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Azlan, A. A. (2021). Pemikiran Politik Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi di dalam Karya Islamisasi Ilmu dan Tawhid. ‘Abqari Journal, 25(1), 189–201. https://doi.org/10.33102/abqari.vol24no2.378
Basith, Y. (2024). Gagasan Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan Sebagai Pondasi Pendidikan Islam Menurut Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. Turats, 17(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.33558/turats.v17i1.9632
Bruce Cruikshank. (2014). The Myth of the Lazy Native : A Study of the Image of the Malays , Filipinos and Javanese from the 16th to the 20th Century and its Function in the Ideology of Colonial Capitalism by Seyd Hussein Alatas Review by : Bruce Cruikshank The American Historical. The American Historical Review, 83(1), 258–259. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1866085?origin=JSTOR-pdf
Edis, T. (2023). Islam’s Encounter with Modern Science. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009257473
Emeraldien, F. Z., Hakim, L., Musyafa’ah, N. L., Mahzum, F., Arief, R. Q., Safriyani, R., Rahmawati, L., Mahamid, M. N. L., Azizah, S., & Rohman, A. (2021). Buku Ajar: Integrasi Keilmuan Twin Towers. In Kentucky Passion (pp. 180–183). Red Lightning Books. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv21hrfjx.49
Fian, K., & Hidayat, F. (2023). Paradigm of integration-interconnection: M. Amin Abdullah and Mehdi Golshani’s perspective. Fikrah, 11(2), 281. https://doi.org/10.21043/fikrah.v11i2.19125
Golshani, M. (2000). How to Make Sense of ‘Islamic Science’? American Journal of Islam and Society, 17(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v17i3.2044
Hanun, F. (2023). Implementasi Integrasi Keilmuan di UIN Salatiga. EDUKASI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama Dan Keagamaan, 21(1), 102–116. https://doi.org/10.32729/edukasi.v21i1.1482
Hayani, A., Nurdiana, Zulfikar Habibullah, A., & Salim, A. (2022). the Tracing the Internalization of Adab in Islamic Education Perspective of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al Attas. Sunan Kalijaga International Journal on Islamic Educational Research, 6(1), 36–50. https://doi.org/10.14421/skijier.2022.61.03
Hidayah, U., Tobroni, & Faridi. (2024). Islamisasi Integrasi Interkoneksi Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Agama Islam: Model Keilmuan Di Perguruan Tinggi Islam. AL-MUADDIB: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Kependidikan, 5(2), 306–320. https://doi.org/10.46773/muaddib.v5i2.897
Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
Huringiin, N. (2022). Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas’ Critics Toward Secularism. Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 27(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v27i1.4801
Illahiyah, S. D., Nafis, M. M., & Ahsan, M. F. (2024). Konstruksi Relasi Dialog Ilmu Sosial dan Agama melalui Pendekatan Epistemologi Titus. Media: Jurnal Filsafat Dan Teologi, 5(2), 251–264. https://doi.org/10.53396/media.v5i2.397
Isnawati, N. E., Nadhiroh, U., Privani, K. N., Ramdhany, R. D., & Hidayatullah, A. F. (2020). Islamisasi Sains Syed Naquib Al-Attas dan Penolakan Bassam Tibi. Cakrawala: Jurnal Studi Islam, 15(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.31603/cakrawala.v15i1.3053
Jannah, M. (2022). The Islamization Process by Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas and Its Relevance on Islamic Science. Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies, 3(2), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.30984/kijms.v3i2.61
Jariyah, I. A., Manan, A., & Ummah, K. (2025). Integration of output-based science with the integrated twin tower paradigm in journal review lectures. Jurnal Mangifera Edu, 9(2), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v9i2.209
Jauzaa, N. A.-Z., & Ibrahim, R. (2025). Integrasi Keilmuan Perspektif M. Amin Abdullah (Pendekatan Integratif-Interkonektif). AL-AFKAR:Journal for Islamic Studies, 8(1), 298–306. https://doi.org/10.31943/afkarjournal.v8i1.1023.Scientific
Junaedi, D., Bakar, M. Y. A., & Fuad, A. Z. (2023). Implikasi pemikiran rekonstruksionisme Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi dalam pendidikan Islam. Ta’dibuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.32832/tadibuna.v12i1.9105
Kurniawan, S. (2020). Al-jabiri’s traces in m. amin abdullah’s idea about integrative-interconnective paradigm for higher education. ATTARBIYAH: Journal of Islamic Culture and Education, 5(1), 60–79. https://doi.org/10.18326/attarbiyah.v5i1.60-79
Lubis, R. R. (2021). Universitas Islam Negeri (Studi Historisitas, Perkembangan dan Model Integrasi Keilmuan). Hikmah, 18(2), 150–167. https://doi.org/10.53802/hikmah.v18i2.128
Mahsus, M., & Wijaya, B. A. (2022). Pemikiran Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi Mengenai Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan. Paramurobi: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 5(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.32699/paramurobi.v5i1.2801
Malik, S. A., & Muhtaroglu, N. (2022). How Much Should or Can Science Impact Theological Formulations? European Journal of Analytic Philosophy, 18(2), S8-35. https://doi.org/10.31820/ejap.18.2.9
Masyitoh, D. (2020). Amin Abdullah dan Paradigma Integrasi-Interkoneksi. JSSH (Jurnal Sains Sosial Dan Humaniora), 4(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.30595/jssh.v4i1.5973
Mirtaheri, S. A. (2012). In Search of the Sacred: A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on his Life and Thought , Seyyed Hossein Nasr with Ramin Jahanbegloo, Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2010, ISBN 978-0-313-38324-3, xxxiv + 373pp. Iranian Studies, 45(4), 590–592. https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2012.673837
Muhammad, D. N. P. H. (2009). A critical study of the educational system in Brunei Darussalam in the light of Al-Attas’ philosophy of education [University of Birmingham]. https://1library.net/document/y82j4vwy-critical-study-educational-brunei-darussalam-attas-philosophy-education.html
Muslih, M., Reza Kusuma, A., Reza Kusuma nd, A., Tauhid Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi Sebagai Landasan Pendidikan, E., & Pendidikan Dan Studi, J. (2025). Epistimologi Tauhid Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi sebagai Landasan Pendidikan. Risâlah Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam, 11(1), 289–303. https://jurnal.faiunwir.ac.id/index.php/Jurnal_Risalah/article/view/1294
Muslih, M., Wahyudi, H., & Kusuma, A. R. (2022). Integrasi Ilmu dan Agama menurut Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas dan Ian G Barbour. Jurnal Penelitian Medan Agama, 13(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.58836/jpma.v13i1.11740
Nadhif, A. A., Arsinta, A., & Ridha, A. R. (2025). Dikotomi Pendidikan di Indonesia: Antara Sekolah Umum dan Madrasah. JIPDAS: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 3(3), 47–56.
Nafisah, A., Qiso, A. A., Davik, & Muttaqin, M. (2023). Konsep Pendidikan Islam Dalam Pandangan Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam, 4(1), 174–186. https://doi.org/10.32806/jkpi.v4i1.319
Nasr, S. H. (2005). The Need For a Sacred Science. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203990599
Oliver, S. (2024). Theology, Science and an Alternative Modernity. Modern Theology, 40(3), 688–696. https://doi.org/10.1111/moth.12913
Omar & Kamaruzaman. (2020). Konteks Historiografi Syedmuhammad Naquib Al-Attas. Jurnal Tuah, 1, 24–40.
Özden, M. (2024). Content and Thematic Analysis Techniques in Qualitative Research: Purpose, Process and Features. Qualitative Inquiry in Education: Theory & Practice, 2(1), 64–81. https://doi.org/10.59455/qietp.20
Paul Tyson. (2022). Is science the theology of modernity? In New Directions The Theology Of Modernity ? (p. 21). Taylor & Francis Group.
Putra, P., Mawazi, M., & Hifza, H. (2023). Analysis of Adab Education According to Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. International Research-Based Education Journal, 5(1), 140. https://doi.org/10.17977/um043v5i1p140-148
Rijal, A. F., Affandi, A., & Aris. (2025). Konsep Pendidikan Adab Menurut Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas dan Relevansinya terhadap Kurikulum Merdeka. JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(5), 5192–5203.
Robiatul Samiah, Lina Pusvisvasari, Agna Rahmat Maulana, & Sarah Apiani. (2025). Western Imperialism Against the Islamic World. Al-Wadhih: Journal of Islamic History and Civilization, 1(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.61166/alwadhih.v1i1.2
Salomon, N., Griffel, F., Hofheinz, A., Hollywood, A., Jackson, R., Kenyon, S., & Mahmood, S. (2013). Evidence , Secrets , Truth : Debating Islamic Knowledge in Contemporary Sudan. 81(3), 820–851. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lft035
Sandi, R., Dewi, E., & M, A. (2023). Integrasi Agama dan Sains dalam Perspektif Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. Al-Mutharahah: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Sosial Keagamaan, 20(2), 244–256. https://doi.org/10.46781/al-mutharahah.v20i2.816
Sardar, Z., & Henzell-thomas, J. (2017). Rethinking Reform in Higher Education , From Islamization to Integration of Knowledge. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 36(1), 54–64.
Siddiqui, A. (1997). Isma’il Raji Al-Faruqi (1921–86). In Christian-Muslim Dialogue in the Twentieth Century (pp. 85–96). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230378230_4
Sufratman. (2022). Integrasi Agama Dan Sains Modern Di Universitas Islam Negeri (Studi Analisis Pemikiran M. Amin Abdullah). Al-Afkar, 5(1), 209–228. http://www.al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/view/211%0Ahttps://www.al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/download/211/139
Suprayogo, I. (2006a). Membangun Integrasi Ilmu dan Agama: Pengalaman UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Batusangkar International Conference 7.
Suprayogo, I. (2006b). Paradigma Pengembangan Keilmuan Islam: Perspektif UIN Malang. UIN Malang Press.
Surya, M. S., & Anshori, I. (2025). Menelaah Konsep Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter dalam Kitab Bidayatul Hidayah Karya Pemikiran Imam Al Ghazali. 6(1), 71–78.
Taqiyuddin, M. (2021). Hubungan Islam dan Sains: Tawaran Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. Islamadina : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 22(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.30595/islamadina.v22i1.7216
Widodo, A. (2009). Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas’ Semantic Reading of Islam as Din. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 47(1), 135–163. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2009.471.135-163
Yulanda, A. (2019). Epistemologi Keilmuan Integratif-Interkonektif M. Amin Abdullah Keilmuan Islam. Tajdid, 18(1), 79–104.
Zainiyati, H. S. (2012). Desain Pengembangan Kurikulum IAIN Menuju UIN Sunan Ampel: dari Pola Pendekatan Dikotomis ke Arah Integratif Multidisipliner—Model Twin Towers. UIN Sunan Ampel Press.
Zarkasyi, H. F., Arroisi, J., Taqiyuddin, M., & Salim, M. S. (2019). Analyzing Islamphobia as Hate Speech: Al Attas Views on The Corruption of Knowledge. AL Qolam: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman, 36(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v36i2.2313
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Syafrani Permadi, Muhammad Fahmi, M.Islah Azharul Muluk, Moch. Chafid Dhuha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
